中学生考典

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现在完成时

日期:2025-06-13
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现在完成时 (Present Perfect)

一、语法概述

1.用法: 强调过去动作对现在的影响或持续到现在的状态。

2.结构: 主语 + have/has + 过去分词  

3.标志词: already, just, yet, ever, never, since, for, recently,etc.  

二、句型结构

1.肯定句主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他 

结构:主语(I/we/you/they)+ have + 过去分词;

主语(he/she/it)+ has + 过去分词。

常与 already, just, ever, never, before, so far, lately 等时间状语连用。

(1)第一人称单数(I)

I have already eaten breakfast.(我已经吃过早餐了。)

(2)第三人称单数(He/She/It)

She has never been to Paris.(她从未去过巴黎。)

(3)第二人称单数/复数(You)

You have learned a lot of English.(你学了很多英语。)

(4)第一/第三人称复数(We/They)

We have lived here for 5 years.(我们在这里住了5年了。)

2.否定句主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 + 其他

结构:在 have/has 后加 not,可缩写为 haven’t/hasn’t。

常与 yet(用于句末)等状语连用。

(1)第一人称单数(I)

I haven’t seen your book anywhere.(我哪儿都没看到你的书。)

(2)第三人称单数(He/She/It)

He has not (hasn’t) called me back.(他还没给我回电话。)

(3)第二人称单数/复数(You)

You haven’t answered my question.(你还没回答我的问题。)

(4)第一/第三人称复数(We/They)

We haven’t decided where to go.(我们还没决定去哪里。)

3.一般疑问句Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?

肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + have/has.

否定回答:No, 主语 + haven’t/hasn’t.

常与 yet, ever 等状语连用(疑问句中 yet 放句末,ever 放中间)。 

(1)第一人称单数(I)

Have I told you about my trip?(我跟你说过我的旅行吗?)

Yes, you have.(是的,你说过。)

No, you haven’t.(不,你没说过。)

(2)第三人称单数(He/She/It)

Has she ever been to Japan?(她去过日本吗?)

Yes, she has.(是的,她去过。)

No, she hasn’t.(不,她没去过。)

(3)第二人称单数/复数(You)

Have you finished the report yet?(你完成报告了吗?)

Yes, I have.(是的,完成了。)

No, I haven’t.(不,还没完成。)

(4)第一/第三人称复数(We/They)

Have we met before?(我们以前见过吗?)

Yes, you have.(是的,见过。)

No, you haven’t.(不,没见过。)

3.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?

1What(问动作/事物)

What have you done today?(你今天做了什么?)

I have cleaned the house and cooked dinner.

(我打扫了房子,做了晚饭。)

(2)Who(问主语/宾语)

Who has borrowed my pen?(谁借了我的笔?)

Lily has borrowed it.(莉莉借了。)

(3)Where(问地点)

Where have you been?(你去过哪里?)

I have been to the library.(我去了图书馆。)

Where has she gone?(她去哪里了?)

She has gone to the park.(她去公园了。)

(4)Why(问原因)

Why have you not finished it?(你为什么还没完成?)

I haven’t finished it because it’s too difficult.

(因为太难了,所以没完成。)

(5)How long(问时长,需与延续性动词连用)

How long have you lived here?(你在这里住了多久?)

I have lived here for 10 years.(我住了10年了。)


现在完成时练习题

一、单项选择题 

1. —Where is your father?

—He ______ to Shanghai. He ______ for over two weeks.

A. has been; has left          B. has gone; has gone

C. has gone; has been away     D. has been; has gone

2. My sister ______ the piano since she was five years old.

A. played      B. plays     C. has played      D. will play

3. —______ you ______ your homework yet?

—Yes, I ______ it ten minutes ago.

A. Did; do; finished           B. Have; done; have finished

C. Have; done; finished        D. Will; do; finish

4. The famous writer ______ one new book in the past two years.

A. is writing   B. was writing   C. wrote   D. has written

5. —How long ______ you ______ this school?

—For three years.

A. did; study in           B. have; studied in

C. will; study in          D. do; study in

二、用所给动词的适当形式填空

1. I ______ (see) the film already. I ______ (see) it last week.

2. He ______ (live) here since 2018.

3. ______ you ever ______ (be) to the Great Wall?

4.We ______ (not finish) our homework yet.

5. The old man ______ (die) for ten years.

三、句型转换

1. She has already finished her homework.(改为否定句)

She ______ ______ her homework ______.

2. They have lived in Beijing for five years.(对划线部分提问)

______ ______ ______ they lived in Beijing?

3. Tom has been to the USA twice.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)

—______ Tom ______ to the USA twice?

—Yes, ______ ______.

4. I have seen the movie.(改为一般疑问句)

______ you ______ the movie?

5. The girl has eaten some bread.(对划线部分提问)

______ ______ the girl ______?

四、汉译英

1. 我已经看过这部电影了。

2. 他自从2020年就加入了这个俱乐部。

3. 你曾经去过上海吗?

4. 他们还没有完成工作。

5. 这本书我借了两周了。

一、语法概述

1.用法

2.结构  

3.标志词

二、句型结构

1.肯定句主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他 

(1)第一人称单数(I)

(2)第三人称单数(He/She/It)

(3)第二人称单数/复数(You)

(4)第一/第三人称复数(We/They)

2.否定句主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 + 其他

(1)第一人称单数(I)

(2)第三人称单数(He/She/It)

(3)第二人称单数/复数(You)

(4)第一/第三人称复数(We/They)

3.一般疑问句Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?

(1)第一人称单数(I)

(2)第三人称单数(He/She/It)

(3)第二人称单数/复数(You)

(4)第一/第三人称复数(We/They)

3.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?

1What(问动作/事物)

(2)Who(问主语/宾语)

(3)Where(问地点)

(4)Why(问原因)

(5)How long(问时长,需与延续性动词连用)