现在完成时 (Present Perfect)
一、语法概述
1.用法: 强调过去动作对现在的影响或持续到现在的状态。
2.结构: 主语 + have/has + 过去分词
3.标志词: already, just, yet, ever, never, since, for, recently,etc.
二、句型结构
1.肯定句:主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他。
结构:主语(I/we/you/they)+ have + 过去分词;
主语(he/she/it)+ has + 过去分词。
常与 already, just, ever, never, before, so far, lately 等时间状语连用。
(1)第一人称单数(I)
I have already eaten breakfast.(我已经吃过早餐了。)
(2)第三人称单数(He/She/It)
She has never been to Paris.(她从未去过巴黎。)
(3)第二人称单数/复数(You)
You have learned a lot of English.(你学了很多英语。)
(4)第一/第三人称复数(We/They)
We have lived here for 5 years.(我们在这里住了5年了。)
2.否定句:主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 + 其他。
结构:在 have/has 后加 not,可缩写为 haven’t/hasn’t。
常与 yet(用于句末)等状语连用。
(1)第一人称单数(I)
I haven’t seen your book anywhere.(我哪儿都没看到你的书。)
(2)第三人称单数(He/She/It)
He has not (hasn’t) called me back.(他还没给我回电话。)
(3)第二人称单数/复数(You)
You haven’t answered my question.(你还没回答我的问题。)
(4)第一/第三人称复数(We/They)
We haven’t decided where to go.(我们还没决定去哪里。)
3.一般疑问句:Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + have/has.
否定回答:No, 主语 + haven’t/hasn’t.
常与 yet, ever 等状语连用(疑问句中 yet 放句末,ever 放中间)。
(1)第一人称单数(I)
Have I told you about my trip?(我跟你说过我的旅行吗?)
Yes, you have.(是的,你说过。)
No, you haven’t.(不,你没说过。)
(2)第三人称单数(He/She/It)
Has she ever been to Japan?(她去过日本吗?)
Yes, she has.(是的,她去过。)
No, she hasn’t.(不,她没去过。)
(3)第二人称单数/复数(You)
Have you finished the report yet?(你完成报告了吗?)
Yes, I have.(是的,完成了。)
No, I haven’t.(不,还没完成。)
(4)第一/第三人称复数(We/They)
Have we met before?(我们以前见过吗?)
Yes, you have.(是的,见过。)
No, you haven’t.(不,没见过。)
3.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?
(1)What(问动作/事物)
What have you done today?(你今天做了什么?)
I have cleaned the house and cooked dinner.
(我打扫了房子,做了晚饭。)
(2)Who(问主语/宾语)
Who has borrowed my pen?(谁借了我的笔?)
Lily has borrowed it.(莉莉借了。)
(3)Where(问地点)
Where have you been?(你去过哪里?)
I have been to the library.(我去了图书馆。)
Where has she gone?(她去哪里了?)
She has gone to the park.(她去公园了。)
(4)Why(问原因)
Why have you not finished it?(你为什么还没完成?)
I haven’t finished it because it’s too difficult.
(因为太难了,所以没完成。)
(5)How long(问时长,需与延续性动词连用)
How long have you lived here?(你在这里住了多久?)
I have lived here for 10 years.(我住了10年了。)
现在完成时练习题
一、单项选择题
1. —Where is your father?
—He ______ to Shanghai. He ______ for over two weeks.
A. has been; has left B. has gone; has gone
C. has gone; has been away D. has been; has gone
2. My sister ______ the piano since she was five years old.
A. played B. plays C. has played D. will play
3. —______ you ______ your homework yet?
—Yes, I ______ it ten minutes ago.
A. Did; do; finished B. Have; done; have finished
C. Have; done; finished D. Will; do; finish
4. The famous writer ______ one new book in the past two years.
A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. has written
5. —How long ______ you ______ this school?
—For three years.
A. did; study in B. have; studied in
C. will; study in D. do; study in
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. I ______ (see) the film already. I ______ (see) it last week.
2. He ______ (live) here since 2018.
3. ______ you ever ______ (be) to the Great Wall?
4.We ______ (not finish) our homework yet.
5. The old man ______ (die) for ten years.
三、句型转换
1. She has already finished her homework.(改为否定句)
She ______ ______ her homework ______.
2. They have lived in Beijing for five years.(对划线部分提问)
______ ______ ______ they lived in Beijing?
3. Tom has been to the USA twice.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
—______ Tom ______ to the USA twice?
—Yes, ______ ______.
4. I have seen the movie.(改为一般疑问句)
______ you ______ the movie?
5. The girl has eaten some bread.(对划线部分提问)
______ ______ the girl ______?
四、汉译英
1. 我已经看过这部电影了。
2. 他自从2020年就加入了这个俱乐部。
3. 你曾经去过上海吗?
4. 他们还没有完成工作。
5. 这本书我借了两周了。
一、语法概述
1.用法
2.结构
3.标志词
二、句型结构
1.肯定句:主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他。
(1)第一人称单数(I)
(2)第三人称单数(He/She/It)
(3)第二人称单数/复数(You)
(4)第一/第三人称复数(We/They)
2.否定句:主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 + 其他。
(1)第一人称单数(I)
(2)第三人称单数(He/She/It)
(3)第二人称单数/复数(You)
(4)第一/第三人称复数(We/They)
3.一般疑问句:Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?
(1)第一人称单数(I)
(2)第三人称单数(He/She/It)
(3)第二人称单数/复数(You)
(4)第一/第三人称复数(We/They)
3.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?
(1)What(问动作/事物)
(2)Who(问主语/宾语)
(3)Where(问地点)
(4)Why(问原因)
(5)How long(问时长,需与延续性动词连用)
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