中学生考典

一般过去时 (Simple Past)

一、语法概述

1.用法: 表示过去完成的动作或状态。  

2.结构: 主语 + 动词过去式

3.标志词: yesterday, last week/year, ago, in 2020, when I was…，etc.

二、句型结构（涵盖行为动词和be动词两种情况） 

1.行为动词

（1）肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式 + 时间状语

I played basketball yesterday.（我昨天打篮球了。）

（2）否定句：主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 时间状语

I didn’t play basketball yesterday.（我昨天没打篮球。）

（3）一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 时间状语？

肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + did.

否定回答：No, 主语 + didn’t.

— Did you play basketball yesterday?（你昨天打篮球了吗？）

— Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.（是的，打了。/ 不，没打。）

（4）特殊疑问句：疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 时间状语？

—What did you play yesterday?（你昨天玩了什么？）

—I played basketball.（我打篮球了。）

2.Be动词（was/were）

（1）肯定句：主语 + was/were + 表语（形容词/名词/介词短语等）+ 时间状语

He was at home yesterday.（他昨天在家。）

（2）否定句：主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + 表语 + 时间状语

He wasn’t at home yesterday.（他昨天不在家。）

（3）一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 表语 + 时间状语？

肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were.

否定回答：No, 主语 + wasn’t/weren’t.

— Was he at home yesterday?（他昨天在家吗？）

— Yes, he was. / No, he wasn’t.（是的，在家。/ 不，不在。）

（4）特殊疑问句：疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 时间状语？

Where was he yesterday?（他昨天在哪里？）

He was at home.（他在家。）

三、动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则

1.规则动词的变化规则（规则动词的过去式和过去分词变化一致）

（1）一般情况下，在动词原形后面加-ed。

e.g.  look→looked play→played start→started

（2）以不发音e结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-d。如：live→lived use→used

（3）以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，先将y改为i，再加-ed。

e.g.  study→studied      try→tried

（4）以重读闭音节（即辅音+元音+辅音）或r音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要先双写辅音字母，再加-ed。

e.g.  stop→stopped plan→planned prefer→preferred

2.不规则动词表（原形  过去式  过去分词  汉语意思）

（1）AAA型

read—read—read   读             cut—cut—cut      切，割

let—let—let      让             put—put—put      放

cost—cost—cost   花费，值       hit—hit—hit      撞，击

set—set—set   安排，安置       hurt—hurt—hurt  使…伤痛

bet—bet—bet   赌博，打赌       cast—cast—cast  抛

（2）AAB型

beat—beat—beaten    打败

（3）ABA型

become—became—become  成为      come—came—come      来

run—ran—run           跑        throw—threw—thrown  扔

（4）ABB型

①原形→aught→aught

catch—caught—caught   捉，抓    teach—taught—taught  教

② 原形→ought→ought

bring—brought—brought 带来   buy—bought—bought     买

fight—fought—fought   打架   think—thought—thought 思考

seek—sought—sought    寻求

③原形→t→t

feel—felt—felt       感到       keep—kept—kept    保持

leave—left—left      离开       sleep—slept—slept  睡

sweep—swept—swept    打扫       smell—smelt—smelt  闻

retell—retold—retold 复述

④变其中一个元音字母

feed—fed—fed      喂            meet—met—met       遇见

get—got—got      得到           hold—held—held     拥有

babysit—babysat—babysat临时照看  sit—sat—sat       坐

win—won—won       赢            find—found—found   发现

bend—bent—bent   使弯曲          dig—dug—dug        挖

lead—led—led        引导        sell—sold—sold     卖

⑤变其中一个辅音字母

build—built—built   建造        hear—heard—heard   听见

make—made—made      制造        mean—meant—meant   意思

send—sent—sent      送，寄      spend—spent—spent  花费

deal—dealt—dealt    处理    rebuild—rebuilt—rebuilt重建

lend—lent—lent      借贷

⑥辅音字母和元音字母都变

have—had—had     有，吃       lay—laid—laid   放置，产卵

lose—lost—lost   丢失         pay—paid—paid     付钱

say—said—said    说           sell—sold—sold     卖

tell—told—told   告诉         stand—stood—stood  站

shoot—shot—shot  放炮，开枪    

understand—understood—understood           理解

misunderstand—misunderstood—misunderstood  误解

（5）ABC型

①ow →ew→own

blow－blew—blown     吹          draw—drew—drawn     画

grow—grew—grown    生长         know—knew—known    知道

②i→a→u

begin—began—begun   开始        drink—drank—drunk   喝

sing—sang—sung       唱         swim—swam—swum     游泳

ring—rang—rung      打电话

③ 原形→过去式→过去式+(e)n

forget—forgot—forgotten  忘记    speak—spoke—spoken  说

freeze—froze—frozen   冻     choose—chose—chosen   选择

drive—drove—driven   驾驶    hide—hid—hidden       躲藏

rise—rose—risen      上升    shake—shook—shaken     摇

mistake—mistook—mistaken     误解

④原形→过去式→原形+(e)n

eat—ate—eaten    吃     forbid—forbade—forbidden   禁止

give—gave—given  给     ride—rode—ridden            骑

see—saw—seen    看见    write—wrote—written         写

fall—fell—fallen  落下   break—broke—broken   打破，折断

forgive—forgave—forgiven      原谅；宽恕

⑤无规律

am/is—was—been    是               are—were—been     是

do—did—done       做               go—went—gone      走

take—took—taken   拿

（6）有两种形式

bear—bore—born            bear—bore—borne          生

learn—learned—learned     learn—learnt—learnt      学

show—showed—showed        show—showed—shown      给…看

spell—spelled—spelled     spell—spelt—spelt        拼写

burn—burned—burned        burn—burnt—burnt         烧

smell—smelled—smelled     smell—smelt—smelt        闻

shine—shined—shined       shine—shone—shone        照耀

dream—dreamed—dreamed     dream—dreamt—dreamt      做梦

wake—waked—waked          wake—woke—woken          醒

lie—lied—lied      说谎        lie—lay—lain        躺

hang—hanged—hanged    吊死       hang— hung—hung     挂

四、写出下列动词过去式。

is/am                  are                   go              

play                   fly                   drink        

ask                    taste                 plant        

dance                  draw                  throw        

make                   worry                 do           

buy                    does                  read         

say                    bring                 speak          

can                    eat                   put          

一般过去时的练习题

一、单项选择题

1. I ______ to the zoo yesterday.

A. go     B. went     C. goes     D. am going

2.He ______ a letter to his friend last night.

A. write    B. writes    C. wrote    D. is writing

3.They ______ football in the park last Sunday.

A. play    B. played    C. plays    D. are playing

4.—Did you ______ the film last night?

—Yes, I did.

A. see     B. saw     C. sees     D. seeing

5.She ______ at home and watched TV last Saturday.

A. stay     B. stays     C. stayed     D. is staying

二、用所给动词的适当形式填空

1. My father ______ (buy) a new bike for me last week.

2. We ______ (have) a great time at the party yesterday.

3. Tom ______ (not do) his homework yesterday evening.

4. When ______ you ______ (go) to bed last night?

5. The children ______ (visit) the museum last Sunday.

三、句型转换

1. He played basketball after school.（改为否定句）

He ______ ______ basketball after school.

2. They went to the beach last weekend.（改为一般疑问句）

______ they ______ to the beach last weekend?

3. I saw an interesting film yesterday.（对划线部分提问）

______ ______ you ______ yesterday?

4. She did her homework at home.（改为一般疑问句）

______ she ______ her homework at home?

5. The boy was late for school this morning.（改为否定句）

The boy ______ late for school this morning.

四、汉译英

1. 我昨天去图书馆了。

2. 她昨晚没看电视。

3. 你们什么时候到达北京的？

4. 他上周买了一本新书。

5. 他们昨天在公园里玩得很开心。