中学生考典

过去将来时 (Simple Past Future)

一、语法概述

1.用法: 表示从过去视角看将来可能发生的事。

2.结构: 主语 + would/should + 动词原形  

3.标志词: said/told (表示过去视角的将来), the next day，etc. 

二、句型结构

1.肯定句：

would 型：主语 + would + 动词原形 + 时间状语

was/were going to 型：主语 + was/were going to + 动词原形 + 时间状语

（would 无人称变化，was/were 根据主语单复数选择）

（1）would 型（表意愿/预测）：

She promised she would write to me as soon as she arrived.（她答应一到就给我写信。）

（2）was/were going to 型（表计划/打算）：

We were going to have a picnic this weekend, but it rained.（我们本打算这周末去野餐，但下雨了。）

2.否定句：

would 型：主语 + would not (wouldn’t) + 动词原形 + 时间状语

was/were going to 型：主语 + was/were not going to + 动词原形 + 时间状语

（1）would 型：

They told us they wouldn’t stay for dinner that night.

（他们告诉我们那晚不会留下来吃晚饭。）

（2）was/were going to 型：

She wasn’t going to attend the meeting because of her illness.（她因生病不打算参加会议。）

3.一般疑问句：

would 型：Would + 主语 + 动词原形 + 时间状语？

肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + would.

否定回答：No, 主语 + wouldn’t.

was/were going to 型：Was/Were + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 时间状语？

肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were.

否定回答：No, 主语 + wasn’t/weren’t.

（1）would 型：

— Would they come to the party if we invited them?

（如果我们邀请他们，他们会来参加派对吗？）

— Yes, they would. / No, they wouldn’t.

（是的，会来。/ 不，不会来。）

（2）was/were going to 型：

— Was he going to study abroad before he got the job offer?（在拿到工作 offer 前，他打算出国学习吗？）

— Yes, he was. / No, he wasn’t.

（是的，打算去。/ 不，没打算。）

4.特殊疑问句

结构：疑问词 + would/was/were + 主语 + 动词原形 + 时间状语？

（1）What（问动作）：

— What was she going to buy for her mother’s birthday?

（她打算给妈妈买什么生日礼物？）

— She was going to buy a scarf and a card.

（她打算买一条围巾和一张贺卡。）

（2）When（问时间）：

— When would he return to his hometown?（他何时会回老家？）

— He would return during the Spring Festival.

（他会在春节期间回去。）

（3）Where（问地点）：

— Where would they meet the next day?

（他们第二天会在哪里见面？）

— They would meet at the school gate.（他们会在校门口见面。）

（4）Why（问原因）：

— Why wouldn’t they join the trip with us?

（他们为什么不和我们一起去旅行？）

— Because they would have an exam the next day.

（因为他们第二天有考试。）

（5）How（问方式/情况）：

— How would they solve the problem without any help?

（没有帮助他们会如何解决问题？）

— They would try to find a solution by themselves.

（他们会尝试自己找办法。）

5.核心用法总结: 

（1）would + 动词原形（表过去视角的“将会”，无人称变化，可表意愿/预测）。

（2）was/were going to + 动词原形（表过去视角的“打算/计划”，主语单复数决定用was/were）。

（3）使用场景：常用于宾语从句或间接引语中，主句为过去时（如said, thought, promised, knew等），从句表示从过去某时看即将发生的动作。

（4）与一般将来时的区别：

①一般将来时（will/shall do）：从现在视角看将来。

e.g.He will visit us tomorrow.

②过去将来时（would/was/were going to do）：从过去视角看将来。

    e.g.He said he would visit us the next day.

过去将来时的练习题

一、单项选择题

1. He said he ______ to Beijing the next day.

A. goes      B. will go     C. would go      D. went

2. They were sure they ______ the game.

A.win      B. would win      C. won       D. will win

3. She told me she ______ for Shanghai in a few days.

A. leaves    B. left    C. was leaving    D. is leaving

4. I didn't know if he ______ back soon.

A. comes     B. will come     C. would come     D. came

5. He was five years old. He knew he ______ a man soon.

A. was     B. will be     C. would be     D. is

二、用所给动词的适当形式填空 

1. He said he ______ (not go) to the party if it rained.

2. She told us that she ______ (visit) the Great Wall the next year.

3. They thought they ______ (be) able to finish the work in two days.

4. We were sure that he ______ (can) work out the problem.

5. The teacher said there ______ (be) an English test the next week.

三、句型转换

1. He said he would help me.（改为否定句）

He said he ______ ______ me.

2. She was going to play the piano at the concert.（改为一般疑问句）

______ she ______ to play the piano at the concert?

3. They thought they would win the match.（对划线部分提问）

______ ______ they think they would ______?

4. He told me he was leaving for London.（改为否定句）

He told me he ______ ______ for London.

5. She said she would write to me.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答）

—______ she ______ she would write to you?

—Yes, ______ ______.

四、汉译英

1. 他说他第二天会给我打电话。

2. 他们认为自己不会失败。

3. 她告诉我她下周要去购物。

4. 我们不知道他是否会按时回来。

5. 老师说我们第二天要考试。