中学生考典

过去完成进行时 (Past Perfect Continuous)

一、语法概述

1.用法: 强调过去某一动作持续到另一个过去时间点。

2.结构: 主语 + had + been + 动词-ing   

3.标志词: for, since, how long, by the time，etc. 

二、句型结构

1.肯定句 ：主语 + had been + 现在分词 + 时间状语

单数主语

He had been working in the company for 10 years before he resigned.（他辞职前已经在这家公司工作了10年。）

复数主语

We had been discussing the plan for hours before we reached an agreement.（达成一致前，我们已经讨论这个计划好几个小时了。）

2.否定句：主语 + hadn’t（had not）been + 现在分词 + 时间状语

单数主语

He hadn’t been sleeping well for weeks before he saw the doctor.（看医生前，他已经好几周没睡好了。）

复数主语

They hadn’t been working on the project long when the manager changed the plan.（经理改变计划时，他们刚开始做这个项目不久。）

3.一般疑问句：Had + 主语 + been + 现在分词 + 时间状语？

肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + had.

否定回答：No, 主语 + hadn’t.

单数主语

— Had he been playing games all night before he fell asleep?（他睡着前是不是整晚都在玩游戏？）

— Yes, he had. / No, he hadn’t.

（是的，整晚都在玩。/ 不，没有。）

复数主语

— Had they been talking about the movie before we joined the conversation?（我们加入对话前，他们一直在聊这部电影吗？）

— Yes, they had. / No, they hadn’t.

（是的，一直在聊。/ 不，没有。）

4.特殊疑问句：疑问词 + had + 主语 + been + 现在分词 + 时间状语？

What（问动作）

— What had she been doing before she called you?

（她打电话给你之前一直在做什么？）

— She had been cooking dinner for her family.

（她一直在给家人做晚饭。）

How long（问时长）

— How long had they been waiting at the airport before the flight was delayed?（航班延误前，他们在机场等了多久？）

— They had been waiting for 2 hours.（他们等了2个小时。）

Why（问原因）

— Why had he been avoiding you recently before you apologized?（你道歉前，他为什么一直躲着你？）

— He had been avoiding you because he was angry about the misunderstanding.（因为误会生气，所以一直躲着你。）

Who（问主语，需调整语序）

— Who had been teaching them French before Mr. Smith came?（史密斯先生来之前，谁一直在教他们法语？）

— Mrs. Jones had been teaching them.（琼斯太太一直在教他们。）

Where（问地点）

— Where had you been living before you moved to this city?（搬到这个城市前，你一直住在哪里？）

— I had been living in a small town near the coast.

（我一直住在海边的一个小镇上。）

5.注意：

（1）表示过去某一时间前持续进行且可能刚结束的动作。

（2） 强调动作对过去某一时间点的影响或结果。

（3）与过去完成时的区别：

过去完成时（had done）强调“已完成”。

如：He had finished the work. 他已完成工作。

过去完成进行时（had been doing）强调“持续进行”

如：He had been doing the work. 他一直在做这项工作。

过去完成进行时的练习题

一、单项选择题

1. When I met Tom yesterday, he ______ for two hours.

A. had run   B. had been running   C. ran   D. was running

2. By the time the doctor arrived, the patient ______ for half an hour.

A. had been suffering       B. had suffered

C. Suffered                 D. was suffering

3. She was very tired because she ______ all night.

A. Worked                   B. had worked   

C. had been working         D. was working

4. They ______ the project for three months before they gave it up.

A. had been working on      B. had worked on

C. worked on                D. were working on

5. When we got to the cinema, the film ______ for ten minutes.

A. had begun                B. had been beginning

C. had been on              D. began

二、用所给动词的适当形式填空

1. He ______ (write) the report for two days before he finished it.

2. When I saw her, she ______ (look for) her keys for an hour.

3. They ______ (live) in that city for five years before they moved to Beijing.

4. By the end of last month, they ______ (study) English for six years.

5. The children ______ (play) outside all afternoon before it started to rain.

三、句型转换

1. She had been teaching in this school for ten years before she retired.（改为否定句）

She ______ ______ ______ in this school for ten years before she retired.

2. They had been waiting for the bus for half an hour when it finally came.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答）

—______ they ______ ______ for the bus for half an hour when it finally came?

—Yes, ______ ______.

3. He had been working on the project for two months before he fell ill.（对划线部分提问）

______ ______ ______ he ______ ______ on the project before he fell ill?

4. We had been discussing the problem for a long time before we reached an agreement.（改为否定句）

We ______ ______ ______ the problem for a long time before we reached an agreement.

5. She had been reading the book since morning when I saw her.（对划线部分提问）

______ ______ she ______ since morning when you saw her?

四、汉译英

1. 到我到达时，他已经等了一个小时。

2. 她在那所学校教了五年书，然后才搬到另一个城市。

3. 昨天这个时候，他们已经在这个项目上工作了三个月。

4. 在我们吃晚饭前，妈妈已经在厨房忙了一下午。

5. 他说他从早上就一直在写那篇文章。