中学生考典

过去完成时 (Past Perfect)

一、语法概述

1.用法: 表示“过去的过去”，强调动作的先后顺序。

2.结构: 主语 + had + 过去分词  

3.标志词: by the time, before, after, already, by 2020，etc. 

二、句型结构

1.肯定句：主语 + had + 过去分词 + 时间状语

单数主语

She had left the city before the storm came.

（暴风雨来临前她已经离开了城市。）

复数主语

We had studied English for 5 years before we went to high school.（上高中前我们已经学了5年英语。）

2.否定句 ：主语 + hadn’t（had not） + 过去分词 + 时间状语

单数主语

He hadn’t finished his homework by 9 pm yesterday—he was still working on it.（他昨晚9点前没完成作业，还在做。）

复数主语

They hadn’t seen the movie when we arrived—they were waiting for us.（我们到的时候他们还没看电影，在等我们。）

3.一般疑问句：Had + 主语 + 过去分词 + 时间状语？

肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + had.

否定回答：No, 主语 + hadn’t.

单数主语

— Had he finished his homework by 9 p.m. yesterday?

（他昨晚9点前完成作业了吗？）

— Yes, he had. / No, he hadn’t.

（是的，完成了。/ 不，没完成。）

复数主语

— Had they seen the movie before we arrived?

（我们到之前他们看过这部电影了吗？）

— Yes, they had. / No, they hadn’t.

（是的，看过了。/ 不，没看过。）

4.特殊疑问句：疑问词 + had + 主语 + 过去分词 + 时间状语？

What（问动作）

— What had she done before the meeting started?

（会议开始前她做了什么？）

— She had prepared all the documents.（她准备好了所有文件。）

When（问时间）

— When had they left the party?（他们什么时候离开派对的？）

— They had left before the music stopped.

（他们在音乐停止前就离开了。）

Why（问原因）

— Why had he canceled the trip?（他为什么取消了旅行？）

— He had canceled it because of the bad weather.

（因为天气不好他取消了。）

Who（问主语）

— Who had eaten all the cake before dinner?

（谁在晚饭前把蛋糕全吃了？）

— My brother had eaten it.（我弟弟吃了。）

Where（问地点）

— Where had you studied before you came here?

（来这里之前你在哪里学习？）

— I had studied in London for three years.

（我在伦敦学了三年。）

过去完成时的练习题

一、单项选择题

1. By the end of last month, we ______ enough money to help the poor boy.

A. have raised             B. raised

C. had raised              D. were raising

2. When I got to the cinema, the movie ______ for 15 minutes.

A. began   B. had begun    C. has been on    D. had been on

3. She said she ______ the novel twice.

A. has read     B. read      C. had read     D. was reading

4. He ______ to play the piano before he was 10 years old.

A. Learned   B. has learned   C. had learned   D. was learning

5. The train ______ when we got to the station.

A. left     B. has left      C. had left      D. leaves

二、用所给动词的适当形式填空

1. When I arrived at the party, Lucy ______ (leave).

2. By the time he was 12, Edison ______ (invent) many things.

3. She told me that she ______ (see) the film before.

4. They ______ (not have) dinner before we arrived.

5. The boy ______ (finish) doing his homework when his mother came back.

三、句型转换

1. He had finished his work before 8 o'clock yesterday.（改为否定句）

He ______ ______ his work before 8 o'clock yesterday.

2. She said she had cleaned the classroom.（改为一般疑问句）

______ she ______ she ______ cleaned the classroom?

3. We had lived in this city for 10 years before we moved to Beijing.（对划线部分提问）

______ ______ ______ you ______ in this city before you moved to Beijing?

4. The movie had started when we got to the cinema.（改为否定句）

The movie ______ ______ when we got to the cinema.

5. He had written three books by the end of last year.（对划线部分提问）

______ ______ books ______ he ______ by the end of last year?

四、汉译英

1. 到昨天晚上为止，他已经完成了作业。

2. 当我到达学校时，铃已经响过了。

3. 她告诉我她以前见过那个人。

4. 在我们到达山顶之前，天就开始下雨了。

5. 他说他已经看过这部电影了。