中学生考典

将来完成时 (Future Perfect)

一、语法概述

1.用法: 表示在将来某一时间点前完成的动作。

2.结构: 主语 + will have + 过去分词  

3.标志词: by, by the time, by 2030, before，etc. 

二句型结构

1.肯定句：主语 + will have + 过去分词 + 时间状语

（无人称变化，所有人称均用will，强调“到将来某时为止已完成”）

单数主语

He will have finished the project by Friday.

（到周五他会完成这个项目。）

复数主语

They will have arrived in Beijing by the time you call them.（等你打电话给他们时，他们已经到北京了。）

2.否定句：主语 + won’t（will not）have + 过去分词 + 时间状语

The rain will not have stopped by the time we start our trip.（等我们出发时，雨还不会停。）

3.一般疑问句：Will + 主语 + have + 过去分词 + 时间状语？

肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + will.

否定回答：No, 主语 + won’t.

— Will they have left for Shanghai by the time we arrive?（等我们到的时候，他们已经出发去上海了吗？）

— Yes, they will. / No, they won’t.

（是的，已经出发了。/ 不，还没出发。）

4.特殊疑问句：疑问词 + will + 主语 + have + 过去分词 + 时间状语？

What（问完成的动作）

— What will you have done by the end of this month?

（到这个月底你会完成什么？）

— I will have written two research papers.

（我会写完两篇研究论文。）

When（问完成的时间）

— When will they have fixed the computer?

（他们什么时候会修好电脑？）

— They will have fixed it by noon.（他们中午前会修好。）

Who（问完成动作的主语）

— Who will have designed the new logo by next week?

（到下周谁会设计好新logo？）

— My colleague will have designed it.（我的同事会设计好。）

How many（问完成的数量）

— How many countries will she have visited by her 30th birthday?（到她30岁生日时，她会去过多少个国家？）

— She will have visited at least 15 countries.

（她会去过至少15个国家。）

Why（问未完成的原因）

— Why won’t he have finished the task on time?

（他为什么没按时完成任务？）

— He will have been too busy with other projects.

（他会因为忙于其他项目而没完成。）

5.与一般将来时的区别：

（1） 一般将来时（will do）：强调“将来会做某事”（如He will finish the project. 他会完成项目）。

（2）将来完成时（will have done）：强调“到将来某时已完成”（如He will have finished the project by Friday. 到周五他会完成项目）。

将来完成时练习题

一、单项选择题

1. By the end of next month, we ______ all the work.

A. will finish            B. will have finished

C. have finished          D. finished

2. He ______ in the factory for five years by next month.

A. will work   B. works   C. will have worked   D. worked

3. —When will you graduate from college?

—In two years. By then, I ______ a student for four years.

A. will be    B. will have been    C. am    D. have been

4. By the time you come back, your aunt ______ for Nanjing to attend a meeting.

A. will leave    B. leaves    C. Left    D. will have left

5. We ______ 1000 English words by the end of this term.

A. will learn           B. will have learned

C. Learned              D. are learning

二、用所给动词的适当形式填空

1. By the end of this year, my father ______ (work) here for 20 years.

2. They ______ (build) the bridge by the time you come back next year.

3. She ______ (finish) reading the book by next Sunday.

4. By 2030, scientists ______ (find) a cure for this disease.

5. When we get there, he ______ (leave).

三、句型转换

1. He will have repaired the car by tomorrow.（改为否定句）

He ______ ______ repaired the car by tomorrow.

2. We will have finished the project by the end of this week.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答）

—______ you ______ finished the project by the end of this week?

—Yes, ______ ______.

3. They will have lived in this city for ten years by next year.（对划线部分提问）

______ ______ ______ they ______ in this city by next year?

4. She will have cooked dinner by 6 o'clock.（改为否定句）

She ______ ______ cooked dinner by 6 o'clock.

5. He will have written five books by 2026.（对划线部分提问）

______ ______ books ______ he ______ by 2026?

四、汉译英 

1. 到明年夏天，我将已经在这家公司工作八年了。

2. 等你回来的时候，我们将已经完成所有的准备工作。

3. 到2035年，这个小镇的人口将已经增长到50万。

4. 下周这个时候，他将已经到达美国。

5. 到下个月，她将已经学完这本书的所有章节。