中学生考典

现在完成进行时 (Present Perfect Continuous)

一、语法概述

1.用法: 强调动作从过去持续到现在，并可能继续。

2.结构: 主语 + have/has + been + 动词-ing  

3.标志词: for, since, all day/week, how long  

二、句型结构

1.肯定句：主语 + have/has been + 现在分词 + 其他

结构：主语（I/we/you/they）+ have been + v-ing；

主语（he/she/it）+ has been + v-ing。

常与 lately, recently, for + 时间段, since + 时间点, all day, these days 等状语连用，强调动作的持续性。

（1）第一人称单数（I）

I have been studying English for 3 hours.

（我已经学英语3小时了。）

（2）第三人称单数（He/She/It） 

She has been working on the project all morning.

（她整个上午都在做这个项目。）

（3）第二人称单数/复数（You）

You have been practicing the piano lately.

（你最近一直在练钢琴。）

（4）第一/第三人称复数（We/They）

We have been living in this city since 2018.

（我们从2018年起就一直住在这个城市。）

2.否定句：主语 + have/has not been + 现在分词 + 其他。

结构：在 have/has 后加 not，缩写为 haven’t/hasn’t been，常与 lately, recently连用。

（1）第一人称单数（I）

I haven’t been sleeping well these days.（我最近一直没睡好。）

（2）第三人称单数（He/She/It）

He hasn’t been calling me recently.（他最近一直没给我打电话。）

（3）第二人称单数/复数（You） 

You haven’t been practicing enough.（你练习得不够。）

（4）第一/第三人称复数（We/They）

We haven’t been traveling much since the pandemic.

（疫情以来我们一直没怎么旅行。）

3.一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + been + 现在分词 + 其他？

肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + have/has (been).

否定回答：No, 主语 + haven’t/hasn’t (been).

常与 lately, recently, how long 等状语搭配，询问动作是否持续进行。

（1）第一人称单数（I）

Have I been bothering you?（我一直在打扰你吗？）

Yes, you have (been).（是的，有点。）

No, you haven’t (been).（不，没有。）

（2）第三人称单数（He/She/It）

Has she been feeling sick?（她一直感觉不舒服吗？）

Yes, she has (been).（是的，她一直不舒服。）

No, she hasn’t (been).（不，她没有。）

（3）第二人称单数/复数（You） 

Have you been working out recently?（你最近一直在锻炼吗？）

Yes, I have (been).（是的，我一直在锻炼。）

No, I haven’t (been).（不，没怎么锻炼。）

（4）第一/第三人称复数（We/They） 

Have we been driving in the wrong direction?

（我们一直都在开错方向吗？）

Yes, you have (been).（是的，方向错了。）

No, you haven’t (been).（不，方向对的。）

4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + Have/Has + 主语 + been + 现在分词 + 其他？

（1）What（问动作内容）

What have you been doing all morning?

（你整个上午一直在做什么？）

I have been cleaning the kitchen.（我一直在打扫厨房。）

（2）Who（问主语）

Who has been using my laptop?（谁一直在用我的笔记本电脑？）

Your brother has been using it.（你弟弟一直在用。）

（3）Where（问地点）

Where have you been staying in Beijing?

（你在北京一直住在哪里？）

I have been staying at a friend’s house.（我一直住在朋友家。）

（4）Why（问原因） 

Why have you been avoiding me?（你为什么一直躲着我？）

I have been avoiding you because I’m busy.

（因为我很忙，所以一直躲着你。）

（5）How long（问持续时间，必与 for/since 连用）

How long have you been learning Spanish?（你学西班牙语多久了？）

I have been learning it for 2 years.（我学了2年了。）

5.注意事项：

（1）仅用于延续性动词（如：work, study, live），不可用于瞬间动词（如：die, arrive）；

（2）若瞬间动词用现在完成进行时，常表示“反复发生的动作”

如： She has been jumping. 她一直在跳。

（3）与现在完成时（Present Perfect）的区别：

现在完成时强调“动作结果”已完成。

如： I have finished the work.

现在完成进行时强调“动作持续”。

如： I have been finishing the work. 一直在做，可能未完成。

现在完成进行时的练习题

一、单项选择题 

1. I ______ my homework for two hours, but I still haven't finished it.

A. have done     B. have been doing     C. did     D. do

2. —Look at the dirty floor.

—Oh, I ______ it for days.

A. haven't cleaned          B. haven't been cleaning

C. didn't clean             D. don't clean

3. She ______ English since she was ten years old.

A. has studied              B. has been studying

C. Studied                  D. studies

4. We ______ in this city for five years and we're still here.

A. Lived                    B. have lived

C. have been living         D. will live

5. —Why are you so tired?

—Because I ______ the garden all day.

A. have watered             B. have been watering

C. Watered                  D. was watering

二、用所给动词的适当形式填空

1. They ______ (build) the bridge for two years and it will be completed next year.

2. She ______ (write) a novel recently. I wonder when she will finish it.

3. The students ______ (prepare) for the exam these days.

4. We ______ (not work) on this project for long, but we've made great progress.

5. He ______ (look for) a job since he graduated from university.

三、句型转换

1. She has been reading the book for three hours.（改为否定句）

She ______ ______ ______ the book for three hours.

2. They have been living in this city since 2010.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答）

—______ they ______ ______ in this city since 2010?

—Yes, ______ ______.

3. He has been working in the factory for five years.（对划线部分提问）

______ ______ ______ he been working in the factory?

4. We have been waiting for the bus for half an hour.（改为否定句）

We ______ ______ ______ for the bus for half an hour.

5. She has been practicing the piano all morning.（对划线部分提问）

______ ______ she ______ all morning?

四、汉译英

1. 我整个下午都在打扫房间，现在还没完成。

2. 他们学习英语已经十年了，并且还将继续学下去。

3. 她这几天一直在写论文。

4. 我们一直在等你，已经等了两个小时了。

5. 他自从搬到这里就一直在经营这家商店。